Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Exam 3 Solutions | BSCI 201

EXAM 3 Material Type: Exam; Professor: Opoku-Edusei; Class: HUMN ANAT&PHYSLG I; Subject: Biological Sciences Program; University: University of Maryland; Term: Fall 2005;

Bone Anatomy and Development

The exam addresses the physiological components of the skeletal system, asking: Which of the following is/are present in the long bone of an adult? Key structures listed include the epiphyseal plate, red bone marrow is present in the medullary cavities, and the surfaces of the cpiphyses are covered with articular cartilage.

Furthermore, students must understand the zones of the epiphyscal plate from the diaphyseal face to the epiphyseal face. Based on the exam material, the sequence is organized as follows:

Hormonal Regulation and Bone Remodeling

In terms of endocrine control, the draft notes that in bone remodeling, parathyroid hormone (T4 is released in response to hypercalcemia. It is specified that PTH stimulates osteoclast activity and PTH stimulates the production of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3.

Regarding the hormone calcitonin, the material explores several physiological interactions:

• Calcitonin ultimately stimulates bone resorption.
• Calcitonin stimulates calcium reabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
• Calcitonin is released in response to hypocalcemia.
• Excess calcitonin can cause osteoporosis.

Clinical conditions are also evaluated, such as why post menopausal women are susceptible to developing osteoporosis because they stop producing growth hormone required for bone growth.

Joint Classification

The exam also covers joint anatomy, specifically: Which of the following joints arc considered amphiarthrotic joints? The provided examples for consideration include the interosseous membrane, the pubic symphysis, and the knee joint.